ALBANIA
The process of identifying and recovering the bodies of those who disappeared or were executed during communism
With the legal regulations of the above process, the cooperation agreements, the creation of the relevant unit in AIDSSH, the relevant protocols for the disappeared, the involvement of the local government in all processes and the wide participation of all institutional and non-public actors, AIDSSH proposes a major project for finding the missing in communism, in the sites of multiple graves in some areas of the country.
Each site is a project, (regulated by relevant legal acts, approved protocols, from the data on the missing person/persons, the establishment of the relevant office at the excavation site, the creation of suitable hygienic and health conditions, the provision of equipment, which from the geoscanner to the container, to the relevant equipment for excavation, to the reporting of the daily work on the site, etc.).
For this reason, AIDSSH suggests that in the coming years, the issue of about 6,000 disappeared in communism and over 50 reported burial sites be dealt with in 4 large identified sites, when dozens or hundreds of political convicts, sought for decades by their families, were buried. Respectively:
- Tepelena camp, (where it is said that more than 300 children lost their lives, there is information that their remains are still found near the former camp with barbed wire).
- The places of execution and the burial grounds of Menik (where there is evidence that there are still the remains of dozens of those shot during the regime, where many of them continue to be sought by their families).
- Burrel Prison (where there are data and evidence that about 400 former convicts of conscience, Albanians and foreigners have lost their lives in inhumane conditions and their bodies have never been handed over to them family members)
-The place of execution in Rrmaj in Shkodër (where there are records of the remains of several dozen people shot with trial and without trial, who are still wanted by their families, including martyrs of the Catholic Church)
-Qafë-Barit prison in Pukë (where there are records that dozens of convicts lost their lives in the conditions (inhumane treatment in the work galleries) Each of the above sites is a great project of commemoration, confrontation with the past, with museum and educational values.
The Tepelena camp has been proposed by AIDSSH as a national museum of forced labor camps and suggested to be visited in school curricula. In the same way, the prison of Burrel, that of Qafe-Bari, objects that, apart from testifying the ferocity of the regime in the face of the opponents, still preserve traces of political crimes. The place of execution in Rrmaj of Shkodra, near the Catholic cemetery is near the place where the first mass was celebrated in the west of the system. By searching and finding the gunmen in Raj, it is added to the map of places to visit in memory. Similarly, the execution sites of Menik, where a good part of the opponents of the regime closed their eyes. Located near the main river that connects Tirana with Durrës, with the discovery of the remains of the executed, Menik can continue to be visited as a place of remembrance (in Menik, the 22 intellectuals who were shot due to throwing "bombs" were identified and exhumed at the Soviet embassy).
Each of the proposed cemeteries represents a commemoration site, for which studies and research can be done on AIDSSH materials and the archival network, (the materials are made available day by day to family members who request them), to build the profiles of the missing, to the story of the violation of the human rights of those convicted of conscience, and the keeping of the body without giving it to the family members, is told.
DNA database construction
The Authority has drafted a database with detailed data on missing persons, in relation to the requesting persons and on the missing persons. This as a pre-Register of Missing Persons, which will be the start of the process of identification and recovery. In this context, the information will be more complete after receiving the Daily Communications from the Ministry of the Interior.
The next step being worked on is the creation of the DNA database of the relatives of the missing persons. In this regard, representatives of ICMP in Albania and the Institute of Forensic Medicine were discussed. Both parties have agreed in principle to support the Authority in this process. The representative of the Institute has accepted ICMP's request for the inventory of the bones that have been deposited in the Institute.
Goals and tasks
In the process of identifying and recovering the remains of missing and executed persons, within the framework of the Agreement of the Council of Ministers with the International Commission on Missing Persons (ICMP), ratified by the Parliament of Albania with law no. 83/2018, the Authority interacts with the Ministry of the Interior in terms of legal instruments and institutions depending on it.
To intensify cooperation with government institutions for clarifying the fate of the disappeared in communism, in communication with families, interest groups, local or international central government, international organizations.
Discovering the past, extracting truths from the ground and shedding light on people, events, legal actions and inactions in institutional, legal, historical, social and commemorative dimensions, is an important step towards democracy and bringing Albania closer to Europe.
Regarding the topic of the missing people during the communist regime, during the year 2022, there have been a few but important developments. In the framework of the last amendments to Law 45/2015, as part of the Authority, it was constituted the Directorate for Inter-Institutional
Relations in the Process of Identification and Recovery of Missing People. A structure that is responsible for the administrative communication between responsible institutions that are involved in the process.